揭秘魏玛犬：FCI国际纯种犬标准的权威解读

08-02

26.05.2015 /EN

FCI-国际纯种犬标准第 99 号

WEIMARANER

魏玛猎犬

本图片不一定代表此犬种的理想类型

ORIGIN: Germany.

起源：德国

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD: 19.03.2015.

正式生效标准发布日期：2015年3月19日

UTILIZATION: According to his the hunting purpose as a versatile hunting dog, the Weimaraner must possess all the talents required of him, and be able to be used for all works in field, wood and water, in a performance oriented manner, before and after the shot.

用途：作为狩猎用的多功能猎犬，魏玛犬需要具备多种天赋，能够胜任田野、树林和水中所有工作，在开枪前后表现指示方向的姿态。

FCI-CLASSIFICATION:

Group 7 Pointing Dogs.

Section 1.1 Continental Pointing Dogs, Type “Braque”.

With working trial.

FCI分组：

第7组：指示犬组

第1.1类：大陆指示犬，布拉克型

有工作犬测试。

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY :

There are numerous theories regarding the origin of the Weimaraner Pointing Dog. Only so much is certain: That the Weimaraner, which at that time still contained a great deal of liam hound blood (« Leithund ») was already kept at the Weimar court in the first third of the 19th century. In the middle of the 19th century, before pure breeding was started, breeding was mainly in the hands of professional hunters and gamekeepers in central Germany, mostly in the regions round Weimar and in Thuringia. As the days of the lima hounds passed, the dogs were crossed with the « Hühnerhund » and breeding was continued with this cross. From about 1890 on, the breed was produced according to a plan and regarded as suitable for registration in a stud book. Apart from the shorthaired Weimaraner, a longhaired variety occurred, if only singly, since the turn of the 20th century. Since being admitted to the studbook, the Weimaraner has been pure bred, remaining mostly free from crosses with any other breeds, in particular, Pointers. Therefore the Weimaraner is likely to be the oldest German « pointing » breed, which has been pure bred since 1900.

历史沿革：

关于魏玛指示犬的起源有许多说法。唯一确定的是：19世纪初期魏玛犬仍有大量利亚姆猎犬（Leithund）血统时就已经饲养在魏玛法院。19世纪中叶纯种繁育开始前，繁殖工作掌握在德国中部的专职猎人手中，主要是魏玛和图林根一带。利亚姆猎犬消失后，这些狗和猎鸟犬（Hühnerhund）发生杂交，并用杂交犬继续繁殖。大约从1890年起，该品种进行有计划繁殖并登记注册，除短毛魏玛犬外，进入20世纪时出现了长毛品种。自从种犬登记簿被承认以来，魏玛犬就是纯种繁殖的，这些犬大多数没有杂交过其他品种，特别是波音达。因此，魏玛犬可能是最古老的德国指示犬，自1900年便已纯种化。

GENERAL APPEARANCE:

Medium to large size hunting dog.Functional working type, pleasing in shape, sinewy and verymuscular. Difference in type between dogs and bitches easilydistinguished.

整体外貌：

中到大型猎犬。功能性工作犬，外形美观，强壮且肌肉发达。雄性与雌性外表容易区分。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:

Length of body to height at withers approximately 12 : 11.Proportions of the head; from tip of nose to stop slightly longer than from stop to occiput. Forequarter distance from elbow to mid-pasternand distance from elbow to point of withers about equal.

重要比例：

体长与肩高比约12：11。

头部比例：鼻尖至额段的长度略大于额段到枕骨长度。

前躯：肘部至跖骨长度与肘部至肩隆长度大致相等。

BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT:

Versatile, easily trained steadyand passionate hunting dog. Persevering in systematic search, yet nottoo lively. Remarkable ability to pick up scent. Ready to seize gameand other prey; he is a good watchdog, without aggressivenesshowever. Reliable pointing dog and worker in water. Remarkable inclination to work after the shot.

行为/秉性：

多功能，易训练，稳定且热情的猎犬。可持续系统搜索，但不过于活泼。嗅觉敏锐，时刻准备捕捉猎物；是优秀的看守犬但无攻击性。可靠的指示犬并能在水中工作，听到枪声后表现出很强的工作欲。

HEAD: 头部

CRANIAL REGION: 颅部区域

HEAD: In balance with size of body and facial region. Broader indogs than bitches, yet in both, the relationship between width ofcranial region to total length of head must be in good proportion.Median groove on forehead. Slightly to moderately protrudingoccipital bone. Zygomatic arches easily traceable behind the eyes.

头部：与身体和面部比例协调，公犬头部比母犬宽，但公犬和母犬的颅骨宽度与长度比例适中。前额正中有凹槽，枕骨凸起轻微或适度。眼后方颧骨弓明显。

Stop: Extremely slight.

额段：极浅。

FACIAL REGION: 面部区域

Nose: Nose leather large, protruding over the under jaw. Dark fleshcolour, merging gradually into gray towards the rear.

鼻：大，突出于下颌。深肉色，向后方逐渐变为灰色。

Muzzle: Long and, specially in the male, powerful, appearing almostangular. Region of canines and carnassial teeth equally strong.Bridge of nose straight, often slightly arched, never with a concavecurve.

吻部：长，尤其在公犬中，强有力，几乎有棱角。犬齿和裂齿区域同样强健，鼻梁直，常微拱，但从不凹陷。中等深度肉色，牙龈，嘴角颜色稍浅。

Lips: Moderately deep, flesh coloured, as are the gums. Slight labialcorner.

唇：中等深肉色，牙龈也是，嘴角颜色稍浅。

Jaws/Teeth: Jaws strong; teeth complete, regular and strong. Top andbottom incisors closely touching scissor bite.

颌/齿：颌结实。牙齿完整、规则、坚固，上下切齿紧密相扣呈剪状咬合。

Cheeks: Muscular, clearly defined.

面颊：肌肉发达，明显。

Eyes: Amber colour, dark to pale, with intelligent expression. Skybluein puppies. Round, set barely slanting. Lids well fitting.

眼睛：琥珀色，从深到浅，眼神聪慧。幼犬为天蓝色，眼圆，位置不倾斜。眼睑合适。

Ears: Lobular, broad and fairly long, just reaching to corner ofmouth. Set on high and narrow, forming a rounded off point at tip. Inalterness, turned slightly forward, folded.

耳朵：藤叶形，宽且相当长，刚好到达嘴角。位置高，耳根窄，耳尖圆。警惕时略微向前，折起。

NECK: Good carriage. Upper line arched upwards in profile.Muscular, nearly round, not too short, clean. Becoming strongertowards the shoulders and merging harmoniously into the topline andchest.

颈部：高抬，侧面拱起。肌肉发达，较圆，不太短，紧凑。向肩膀渐强壮，和谐地融入背线和胸部。

BODY: 躯干

Topline: From the arched neckline, over the well defined withers thetopline merges gradually into the relatively long back.

背线：从拱起的颈线，经过明确的肩部，逐渐融入较长的背部。

Withers: Well defined.

肩膀：明确。

Back：Muscular, without a dip. Not running up towards the rear. Aslightly longer back, a breed characteristic, is not a fault.

背：肌肉发达，不下沉，不向后方拱起。较长的背部是品种特点，不是缺陷。

Loin: Broad, muscular, straight to slightly arched, transition fromback to loin well closed.

腰：宽，肌肉发达，直或微弓，从背到腰的过渡紧密。

Croup: Pelvis long and moderately sloped.

臀：骨盆长，适度倾斜。

Chest: Strong but not unduly broad, with sufficient depth to reachalmost to elbows and of sufficient length. Well sprung without beingbarrel-shaped and with long ribs. Forechest well developed.

胸：强壮但不过分宽，足够深到达肘部且足够长。肋骨扩张良好但不呈桶状，肋骨长。前胸发达。

Underline and belly: Rising slightly, but belly not tucked up.

腹线和腹部：略微上升，但不收紧。

TAIL: Set on slightly lower than with other similar breeds. Tailstrong and well coated. Carried hanging down in repose. When alertor working, carried level or higher. In countries where it is allowedby law, appropriately tail docking is permissible for shorthairedWeimaraner used for hunting.

尾：与其他相似品种相比位置略低。尾长，覆被毛。休息时尾向下，警觉或工作时，尾水平或更高。在法律允许的国家，狩猎用短毛魏玛可适当断尾。

LIMBS: 四肢

FOREQUARTERS: 前躯

General appearance: High on leg, sinewy, straight and parallel, butnot standing wide.

整体外观：腿长，肌肉发达，直且平行，但距离不太宽。

Shoulders : Long and sloping. Well fitting, strongly muscled. Wellangulated shoulder joint.

肩：长，倾斜。位置合适，肌肉强健。肩关节有角度。

Upper arm: Sloping, sufficiently long and strong.

上臂：倾斜，足够长且强壮。

Elbows: Free and lying parallel to median plane of body. Turnedneither in nor out.

肘：自如，与身体正中平面平行。不内翻也不外翻。

Forearm : Long, straight and vertical.

前臂：长，直且竖直。

Carpus (Wrist): Strong and taut.

腕骨：结实，紧。

Metacarpus (Pastern): Sinewy, slightly sloping.

掌骨（系部）：强壮有力，略倾斜。

Forefeet: Firm and strong. Standing straight in relation to medianplane of body. Toes arched. Longer middle toes are a breedcharacteristic and therefore not a fault. Nails light to dark gray. Padswell pigmented, coarse.

前足：结实强壮。与身体正中平面垂直，中趾较长为品种特点而非缺陷。颜色浅灰至深灰，脚垫着色好，粗糙。

LIMBS: 四肢

HINDQUARTERS: 后躯

General appearance: High on leg, sinewy, straight and parallel, but not standing wide.

整体外观：腿长，肌肉发达，直且平行，但距离不太宽。

Upper Thighs: Sufficiently long, strong and well muscled.

大腿：足够长，强壮，肌肉发达。

Stifle (Knee): Strong and taut.

膝盖：强壮，紧。

Lower thigh : Long with clearly visible tendons.

小腿：长，肌腱清晰。

Hock joint: Strong and taut.

跗关节：强壮，紧。

Metatarsus (rear pastern) : Sinewy, almost vertical in position.

跖骨（后肢系部）：肌肉发达，几乎垂直。

Hind feet: Tight and firm, without dewclaws, otherwise like frontfeet.

后足：紧而坚固，无狼爪，或与前足一样。

GAIT/MOVEMENT:

Movement in all gaits is ground covering andsmooth. Hind and front legs set parallel to each other. Gallop longand flat. Back remains level when trotting. Pacing is undesirable.

步态/动态：

所有步态均覆盖足够地面且流畅，后肢和前肢平行。疾驰长而平，小跑时背线水平，踱步为不理想。

SKIN: Strong. Well, but not too tight fitting.

皮肤：结实，但不太紧。

COAT: 被毛

Hair:

Short-haired: Short (but longer and thicker than with mostcomparable breeds), strong, very dense, smooth lying topcoat.Without or with only very sparse undercoat.

Longhaired: Soft, long topcoat with or without undercoat. Smooth orslightly wavy. Long flowing hair at ear set on. Velvety hair ispermissible on tips of leathers. Length of coat on flanks 3–5 cm. Onlower side of neck, forechest and belly, generally somewhat longer.Good feathering and breeching, yet less long towards ground. Tailwith good flag. Hair between toes. Hair on head less long. A type ofcoat similar to a double-coat (Stockhaar) with medium length, dense,close fitting topcoat, thick undercoat and moderately developedfeathering and breeching, sometimes occurs in dogs of mixedancestry.

毛质：

短毛：短，结实，密，表面平滑。没有或有稀疏底毛。

长毛：软，外层毛长，有或者没有底毛。光滑或微卷。耳朵覆有软毛，耳尖允许有丝绒状被毛，侧腹毛长3-5厘米，颈部下方、前胸和腹部毛一般稍长些，臀部覆羽状饰毛，不太长，尾被毛呈旗状，脚趾间有毛，头部毛略短。此种被毛类型类似双层被毛，中等长度，外毛浓密，底毛厚，有中等羽状饰毛，有时出现在祖先为混种犬的犬只上。

Colour: Silver, roe or mouse grey, as well as shades of these colours.Head and leathers generally slightly paler. Only small whitemarkings on chest and toes permitted. Sometimes a more or lessdefined trace occurs along the back.

毛色: 银色，獐鹿色或鼠灰及相近色调，头部和饰毛通常较浅。只有前胸和脚趾允许少量白斑，有时沿背部有可见深色痕迹。

SIZE AND WEIGHT: 尺寸和重量

Height at the the withers:

Males: 59 – 70 cm.

Females: 57 – 65 cm.

肩高：公犬59-70厘米，母犬57-65厘米。

Weight:

Males: about 30 – 40 kg.

Females: about 25 – 35 kg.

重量：

公犬：约30-40公斤

母犬：约25-35公斤

FAULTS: 缺陷

Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog and its ability to perform itstraditional work..

任何与上述各点的背离均视为缺陷，其缺陷严重性严格地与其缺陷的程度及对犬只的健康和福利及履行传统工作的能力造成的影响成正例。

SEVERE FAULTS: 严重缺陷

Widely spread woolly coat in the shorthaired variety.
Extremely curly or sparse feathering in the longhaired variety.
White markings except on chest and toes.
Ears: Feathering extremely short or long, not turned.
Back: Severe sway or roach back. Definitely overbuilt atcroup.
Particularly pronounced dewlap.
Definitive bow or cow hocks.
Poor angulation, definitely turned outward turned elbows. Openpaws.
短毛品种有广泛分布的羊毛状被毛。
长毛品种有极卷曲或分散饰毛。
除胸部和脚趾外的地方有白斑。
耳：饰毛非常短或长，不转向。
背：严重下陷或弓背，臀部过度夸张。
跗关节内翻或外翻。
缺乏角度，肘关节明显内翻或外翻。爪子分开。
任何身体和行为有明显异常的犬都为失格。

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS: 失格缺陷

Aggressive or overly shy.
Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalitiesshall be disqualified.
Significant deviation in type, untypical for sex.
Serious deviation in the proportions.
Size more than 2 cm outside the standard.
Absolutely untypical, above lumbering or weak.
Absolute disproportionate.
Extremely impaired when walking.
Skin malformations and defects.
Partial or total hair loss.
Lack of feathering on belly or ears.
Deviations from grey tones, such as yellow or brownish, tanbrand.
Colour other than gray. Blue colouring.
Foreface absolutely untypical.
Facial region: Absolutely untypical i.e. distinctly concavenasal bridge. Muzzle too short, pointed, roman nose or withtoo short flews.
Entropion, ectropion. Slight and one sided lid defects.
Jaw and teeth: Missing more than two PM1 or M3.
Chest, belly: malformations; barrel chest; insufficient chestdepth or length; definitely tucked up belly.
Malformed legs.
Other malformations.
Excessively aggressive towards dogs or people, excessive fear.
Clearly showing behavioural abnormalities
有攻击性或过度羞怯。
任何身体和行为有明显异常的犬都为失格。
严重偏离标准，性别不明显。
比例严重偏离标准。
尺寸超出标准2厘米。
非常不典型，笨重或软弱。
绝对不成比例。
行走时有缺陷。
皮肤畸形和缺陷。
部分或全部脱毛。
耳朵或腹部缺乏饰毛。
偏离灰色，如黄色、棕色或褐色。
灰色以外的颜色，如蓝色。
前脸极度不典型。
面部：绝对不典型，即明显凹陷的鼻梁。口吻太短，尖，罗马鼻或太短的垂唇。
睑内翻，睑外翻，或轻微单侧眼睑缺陷。
下颌和齿：缺失两颗以上的PM1或M3
胸部、腹部：畸形；桶状胸部；胸部深度或长度不足；腹部收缩。
腿部畸形。
其他畸形。
对人或犬极度有攻击性，或过度胆怯。
表现出明显的行为异常。

N.B.：

Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.
Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.

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